3 × 16 TB in RAID 5

Usable space, rebuild time and read error risk for 3 drives of 16 TB each.

3 × 16 TB drives in RAID 5 give 32 TB of usable space, which Windows shows as 29.1 TB. 16 TB goes to parity, so 67% of the 48 TB raw space is usable. The array survives one failed drive. A second failure, or an unreadable sector, before the rebuild ends can lose data.
TB

Size printed on the drive label. Different sizes? The array uses the smallest one for every drive.

Advanced settings
MB/s

Typical hard drive: 100–200 MB/s with no other load. SSD: 400 MB/s or more.

From the drive datasheet. It is a worst-case spec, so real drives usually do better.

Show capacity in
32TB usable

Array healthy
Your data Parity or mirror copy Failed drive Click a drive to make it fail.
Drawing3 × 16 TB in RAID 5
Raw48 TB
Efficiency67%

Drives that can fail

Rebuild of one drive

Read error during rebuild

Checks for this setup

The same drives in every RAID level

3 drives of 16 TB each.

LevelUsableEfficiencyDrives that can failRebuildRead error in rebuild
48 TB
100%
None
—
—
16 TB
33%
Any 2
29 h
Fixed by another copy
32 TB
67%
Any 1
29 h
23%
Needs at least 4 drives
Needs at least 4 drives
Needs at least 6 drives
Needs at least 8 drives

3 × 16 TB in RAID 5: the numbers

Usable space32 TB (29.1 TB in Windows)
Raw space48 TB
Used for protection16 TB
Efficiency67%
Drives that can failAny 1
Rebuild at 150 MB/s29 h
Rebuild at 50 MB/s (busy)3.7 days
Data read during rebuild32 TB
Read error risk, desktop drives92%
Read error risk, NAS drives23%

Rebuild

Replacing a failed drive means writing a full 16 TB drive. At 150 MB/s with no other load that takes about 29 h; on a busy array running at 50 MB/s, about 3.7 days. The rebuild reads every surviving drive: 32 TB in total.

Read errors

Reading 32 TB, the chance of at least one unreadable sector is 92% with desktop drives (1 per 1014 bits) and 23% with NAS drives (1 per 1015). Nothing is left to correct it, so the affected file, or on some controllers the whole rebuild, fails. These are worst-case datasheet rates; real drives usually do better.

Our take

With 16 TB drives we would pick RAID 6. 4 drives in RAID 6 give the same 32 TB and survive two failures, or a read error during a rebuild.

Similar setups

All RAID 5 setups

Usable space in TB. Pick a cell for the full numbers.
Drives2 TB4 TB6 TB8 TB10 TB12 TB14 TB16 TB18 TB20 TB22 TB24 TB
3 drives4812162024283236404448
4 drives61218243036424854606672
5 drives81624324048566472808896
6 drives102030405060708090100110120
7 drives1224364860728496108120132144
8 drives14284256708498112126140154168